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What is Orexin A?

Orexin A is a neuropeptide, naturally produced in the hypothalamus, plays a critical role in regulating wakefulness, arousal, and appetite. It is part of the orexin system, which includes Orexin A and Orexin B peptides, both of which are essential for maintaining the natural sleep-wake cycle and energy homeostasis [1].

Orexin A interacts with specific receptors in the brain to promote alertness and prevent excessive daytime sleepiness. This makes Orexin A a potential therapeutic treatment for addressing sleep disorders such as narcolepsy.

In addition, it influences reward pathways and appetite control, linking it to behaviours such as food intake and motivation. Its multifunctional role highlights its importance in overall brain and body regulation.

Molecular Formula: C152H243N47O44S4

Sequence: XPLPDCCRQKTCSCRLYELLHGAGNHAAGILTL

Molecular Weight: 3561.1 g/mol

Source: PubChem

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Orexin A Potential Benefits

Buy Orexin A Peptide Vial – Available in 5mg vial and vial kits.

Mechanism of Action of Orexin A Spain

Orexin A, a neuropeptide produced in the hypothalamus, exerts its effects by binding to two G-protein-coupled receptors: Orexin Receptor 1 (OX1R) and Orexin Receptor 2 (OX2R). These receptors are present throughout the brain, particularly in regions involved in arousal, energy regulation, and reward processing, including the hypothalamus, brainstem, and cortex.

The activation of these receptors stimulates intracellular signalling pathways, including calcium ion influx and cyclic AMP production, which enhance neuronal excitability. This mechanism promotes wakefulness by stimulating arousal centers in the brain, such as the locus coeruleus and tuberomammillary nucleus, while suppressing sleep-promoting areas [2].

Furthermore, studies have shown that Orexin A also plays a crucial role in energy homeostasis by influencing appetite control and metabolic processes. It interacts with reward pathways, modulating dopamine release, which links it to motivation and emotional response [3]. This multifaceted mechanism makes Orexin A essential for maintaining the balance between sleep, energy, and behaviour.

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Clinical Applications of Orexin A Spain

Preclinical studies investigating the efficacy of Orexin A have identified that it could have the following potential applications:

Promotes Wakefulness

Orexin A promotes wakefulness by activating specific brain regions responsible for arousal and alertness. It binds to Orexin Receptor 1 (OX1R) and Orexin Receptor 2 (OX2R), which are found in key areas like the hypothalamus, locus coeruleus, and tuberomammillary nucleus. These regions are part of the brain’s arousal network, and their activation increases neuronal excitability and neurotransmitter release, including norepinephrine, dopamine, and histamine. This cascade of activity helps maintain wakefulness and suppresses sleep-promoting signals. By stabilizing the sleep-wake cycle, Orexin A plays a critical role in preventing excessive daytime sleepiness and is a potential therapeutic target for sleep disorders like narcolepsy [4].

Enhances Energy Levels

Orexin A enhances energy levels by regulating the brain’s arousal and metabolic systems. Additionally, Orexin A influences energy homeostasis by promoting glucose metabolism and increasing energy expenditure. It also interacts with reward pathways, enhancing motivation for physical activity and goal-directed behaviour. By linking arousal, metabolism, and motivation, Orexin A plays a vital role in maintaining high energy levels and combating fatigue, especially during periods of stress or exertion [5].

Helps with Appetite Control

Orexin plays a significant role in appetite control by influencing the brain’s hunger and reward systems. It is produced in the hypothalamus, a key region for regulating energy balance and food intake. Orexin A stimulates Orexin Receptor 1 (OX1R) and Orexin Receptor 2 (OX2R), which are involved in promoting hunger and increasing motivation to seek food. It enhances the release of neurotransmitters like dopamine, linking food consumption to reward and pleasure.

Additionally, Orexin helps regulate energy homeostasis by increasing metabolic activity and energy expenditure, ensuring a balance between calorie intake and usage. This dual action—stimulating appetite while promoting energy utilization—makes Orexin a critical factor in maintaining healthy eating behaviours and preventing overeating or under-eating. Its role in appetite control also highlights its potential as a therapeutic target for managing obesity, eating disorders, and metabolic conditions [6].

Improves Cognitive Function

Orexin A enhances cognitive function by activating key brain regions involved in arousal, attention, and memory. This activation promotes wakefulness and mental clarity, enabling better attention and information processing [7].

Additionally, Orexin A supports neuroplasticity by upregulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which is crucial for learning and memory formation. By maintaining an optimal balance of arousal and focus, Orexin A helps improve cognitive performance, particularly during tasks requiring sustained attention or under conditions of fatigue. Its role in modulating reward pathways also enhances motivation, further supporting cognitive engagement and productivity.

Regulates Emotional Response

By modulating the release of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin, Orexin A influences reward pathways and emotional stability. This helps enhance positive emotional states, reduce anxiety, and improve resilience to stress. Additionally, its role in maintaining arousal and energy levels ensures better emotional regulation during challenging or high-stress situations [8].

Supports the Stress Response

Orexin A modulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which governs the release of cortisol, the primary stress hormone. By balancing arousal and energy levels, Orexin A helps maintain focus and emotional stability during stress, preventing excessive fatigue or anxiety [8].

Frequently Asked Questions about Orexin A

What is the difference between Orexin A and Orexin B?

FeatureOrexin AOrexin B
Structure33 amino acids, has two intrachain disulfide bonds (stabilizes structure)28 amino acids, linear peptide without disulfide bonds
Receptor AffinityBinds strongly to OX1R and OX2RBinds mainly to OX2R, weaker affinity for OX1R
Stability & FunctionMore stable in circulation; implicated in arousal, feeding, and rewardLess stable; plays roles in sleep–wake regulation and energy balance

Is Orexin A approved for human consumption?

Orexin A is not yet approved for human consumption, but its therapeutic potential is being actively studied. Advances in drug delivery and the development of orexin receptor agonists may pave the way for future treatments based on orexin A’s mechanisms. Buy high quality Orexin A for research use.

Could Orexin A help with addiction?

Orexin A has shown potential in helping with addiction, based on preclinical and early research studies. The orexin system plays a significant role in regulating reward, motivation, and stress, all of which are critical factors in addiction. 

The orexin system, particularly Orexin A, is involved in the brain’s reward pathways, including the mesolimbic dopamine system, which is activated by addictive substances like alcohol, nicotine, opioids, and cocaine.

Orexin neurons in the hypothalamus project to key areas of the brain involved in addiction, such as the ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens, and prefrontal cortex.

Orexin signalling has been linked to drug-seeking behaviour, craving, and relapse, especially in response to stress or environmental cues associated with drug use.

Scientific Research

[1] Mieda M, Tsujino N, Sakurai T. Differential roles of orexin receptors in the regulation of sleep/wakefulness. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2013 May 16;4:57.

[2] Gompf HS, Anaclet C. The neuroanatomy and neurochemistry of sleep-wake control. Curr Opin Physiol. 2020 Jun;15:143-151.

[3] Tsujino N, Sakurai T. Role of orexin in modulating arousal, feeding, and motivation. Front Behav Neurosci. 2013 Apr 18;7:28.

[4] Pizza F, Barateau L, Dauvilliers Y, Plazzi G. The orexin story, sleep and sleep disturbances. J Sleep Res. 2022 Aug;31(4):e13665.

[5] Xia L, Liu HY, Wang BY, Lin HN, Wang MC, Ren JX. A review of physiological functions of orexin: From instinctive responses to subjective cognition. Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Jun 30;102(26):e34206.

[6] Mogavero MP, Godos J, Grosso G, Caraci F, Ferri R. Rethinking the Role of Orexin in the Regulation of REM Sleep and Appetite. Nutrients. 2023 Aug 22;15(17):3679.

[7] Toor B, Ray LB, Pozzobon A, Fogel SM. Sleep, Orexin and Cognition. Front Neurol Neurosci. 2021;45:38-51.

[8] Johnson PL, Molosh A, Fitz SD, Truitt WA, Shekhar A. Orexin, stress, and anxiety/panic states. Prog Brain Res. 2012;198:133-61.

Further Reading:

Explore How Orexin A Antibody Affects Sleep and Cortisol Balance

This article from Pharma Lab Global highlights the role of the Orexin A Antibody in studying the connection between sleep regulation and cortisol balance. Orexin, a neuropeptide, influences wakefulness and stress response by modulating the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which regulates cortisol release. Prolonged cortisol elevation can disrupt sleep and recovery, making this research crucial. The blog also explores complementary peptides like BPC-157, DSIP, and Thymosin Alpha-1, which contribute to recovery, sleep regulation, and immune balance, offering deeper insights into the interplay between stress, sleep, and resilience.

Exploring Orexin Deficiency, Cataplexy, and Narcolepsy Type 1

This blog explores the connection between orexin deficiency, cataplexy, and narcolepsy type 1, highlighting how the loss of orexin, a neuropeptide that regulates sleep-wake cycles, leads to disrupted REM sleep boundaries and sudden muscle weakness triggered by emotions. It delves into the role of emotions like laughter and stress in cataplexy episodes and examines how orexin deficiency impacts metabolism, weight regulation, and long-term health risks such as depression and obesity. The article also discusses the potential of peptides like NAD+ and Sermorelin in supporting energy balance, sleep quality, and recovery, offering insights into ongoing research on orexin pathways and their broader implications for sleep and metabolic health.

The Future of Narcolepsy Treatment

Explore ground breaking research into peptide-based therapies as a potential solution for narcolepsy. Traditional treatments focus on managing symptoms like excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy but fail to address the root cause: the loss of orexin-producing neurons in the brain. Emerging peptides such as Orexin, P-21, and BPC-157 are being studied for their ability to restore orexin signalling, promote neuroregeneration, and improve neurotransmitter balance. While these peptides are still in the research phase and not approved for human use, they offer a promising direction for targeting the neurological underpinnings of narcolepsy, moving beyond symptom management to potentially repairing damaged neural pathways.

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